![]() ![]() ![]() Its proponents advocate the economic benefits of more extensively accessible hydrocarbons, as well as replacing coal with natural gas, which burns more cleanly and emits less carbon dioxide (CO 2), and energy independence. Hydraulic fracturing is highly controversial. Increased oil and gas production from the decade-long fracking boom has led to lower prices for consumers, with near-record lows of the share of household income going to energy expenditures. Drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made the United States a major crude oil exporter as of 2019, but leakage of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, has dramatically increased. Some hydraulic fractures can form naturally in certain veins or dikes. Such treatment is generally necessary to achieve adequate flow rates in shale gas, tight gas, tight oil, and coal seam gas wells. As of 2012, 2.5 million "frac jobs" had been performed worldwide on oil and gas wells, over one million of those within the U.S. Hydraulic fracturing began as an experiment in 1947, and the first commercially successful application followed in 1950. When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep-rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow more freely. ![]() The initiative was developed by the City of Austin in collaboration with EDF, Austin Energy and The University of Texas to reinvent the way electricity is generated and used in Texas.Fracking (also known as hydraulic fracturing, hydrofracturing, or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of bedrock formations by a pressurized liquid. The Pecan Street Project is a pilot project in Austin that explores how a smarter electrical grid will work. In addition to studying the environmental effects of fracking, EDF is campaigning to make fracking techniques more transparent.ĮDF is also hard at work in the Texas capital. EDF has also partnered with FedEx to create more energy-efficient trucks.Ĭurrently in Texas, EDF is monitoring the environmental consequences of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. The organization has worked with large corporations to encourage them to voluntarily curb pollution and waste, such as in 1991 when EDF convinced McDonald’s to redesign its packaging to be more environmentally friendly. ![]() It is a nonpartisan organization, emphasizing market-based solutions to solving environmental problems. It works in California, New York, North Carolina, the Rockies and Texas. The Environmental Defense Fund advocates for nonpartisan environmental policy change based in scientific research and does not accept money from corporate clients.ĮDF’s research has been used to protect oceans, enact climate legislation and outlaw hazardous chemicals from children’s clothing. The group is known for its work on issues such as global warming, ecosystem restoration, oceans and human health. The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) is a nonprofit environmental advocacy group that first organized in 1967 after the pesticide DDT was discovered to be threatening wildlife on Long Island, New York. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |